##### General information

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##### Documentation

- Tutorial
- OR Mapping Reference
  - Defining the Schema
  - Running the Generator
  - Database independence
  - Initialisation of the Runtime
  - Reading from the DB
  - Writing to the DB
  - Extending classes
  - Connections and Transactions
  - Exception handling
  - Inheritance
  - Supported databases
  - Supporting a new DB
  - Managers and Cache
  - Beans
  - Avalon Component
  - Customizing the generation
  - Relevant classes
  - Source XSD
  - Source XSD (strict)
  - Migration from Torque 3
- Code Generation Reference
- Module Documentation

##### Previous releases

- Torque 3.3

## Changes in Torque 4

The most prominent changes in Torque 4 are:

- At least java 1.5 is now required.
- The following databases are now officially supported: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Derby, HSQLDB, Oracle and MSSQL.
- Column names are now stored in objects implementing the org.apache.torque.Column interface. As the Peer column name constants are generated accordingly, you only need to consider this if you assemble column names from strings (use org.apache.torque.ColumnImpl constructors to create Column instances from Strings).
- The org.apache.torque.util.Criteria object is now deprecated and is replaced by a new implementation org.apache.torque.criteria.Criteria. The old Criteria object has the same semantics as the Torque 3.3 Criteria and is perfectly functional, but will be removed in the future. The new Criteria object differs from the old one in that it has a different semantics in the "or" methods (check the javadoc) and treats Strings in the first argument as Strings, not as column names (e.g. criteria.and("string1", "string2") has a different meaning in the old and the new Criteria).
  Also the new Criteria object does not define the operator Criteria.CUSTOM any more, but instead contains the methods andVerbatimSql() and orVerbatimSql().
  The doDelete(Criteria) and doDelete(Criteria, Connection) methods have a different semantics for the old and the new Criteria object. For the old Criteria object, the table name to delete from is guessed from the Criteria object's contents. For the new Criteria object, the table name is always the table name of the Peer class used to do the delete.
- Database views are now supported out-of-the-box.
- The Torque generator is now a general-purpose code generator. This has the effect that the templates used by the generator need to be specified. See the template docs, the Maven plugin docs or the tutorial on how to specify the Torque templates for the generator. See the generator docs for more details on how to use it as code generator.
- The Torque runtime does not use the village library any more.
- Supplying "null" as value for a database connection now results in an error in Torque 4. In Torque 3, Torque automatically opened a database connection if a connection argument was null.

There are many more improvements and bug fixes. See the changes report for details.

## Migrating from Torque 3 to Torque 4

There are no big API Redesigns in Torque 4 as compared to Torque 3, so migrating an existing application from Torque 3 to Torque 4 should be possible without too much pain.

As a first migration step, check out the changes above to see whether they affect your application. If yes, modify these parts.

Validate your database schema against the torque 4 xsd (from the torque templates documentation). If there are any validation errors, check the subtasks of the jira issue TORQUE-126 whether a matching change is reported there; if yes, modify your schema accordingly. If in doubt, ask the users list.

Then, change your project's build system to use Torque 4 instead of Torque 3. This is best done by glancing through the ORM part of the tutorial and checking your settings against the settings described there. For example, the versions of the maven artifacts have changed, an ant build must now use the torque-ant-tasks lib instead of using the generator directly, and the configuration and available goals of the maven plugin have changed.

After changing your build setup, build your application. If your application compiles, chances are that your application is ok.

Finally, test your application thoroughly. Though Torque 4 looks and feels similar to Torque 3, many changes have been made under the hood and perhaps your application depended on a special implementation of a Torque feature.