/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.wayang.api.sql.calcite.jdbc;

import com.google.common.base.Suppliers;
import org.apache.calcite.DataContext;
import org.apache.calcite.adapter.java.AbstractQueryableTable;
import org.apache.calcite.adapter.java.JavaTypeFactory;
import org.apache.calcite.avatica.ColumnMetaData;
import org.apache.calcite.jdbc.CalciteConnection;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.Enumerable;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.Enumerator;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.QueryProvider;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.Queryable;
import org.apache.calcite.plan.Convention;
import org.apache.calcite.plan.RelOptCluster;
import org.apache.calcite.plan.RelOptTable;
import org.apache.calcite.prepare.Prepare.CatalogReader;
import org.apache.calcite.rel.RelNode;
import org.apache.calcite.rel.core.TableModify;
import org.apache.calcite.rel.core.TableModify.Operation;
import org.apache.calcite.rel.logical.LogicalTableModify;
import org.apache.calcite.rel.logical.LogicalTableScan;
import org.apache.calcite.rel.type.RelDataType;
import org.apache.calcite.rel.type.RelDataTypeFactory;
import org.apache.calcite.rel.type.RelProtoDataType;
import org.apache.calcite.rex.RexNode;
import org.apache.calcite.runtime.ResultSetEnumerable;
import org.apache.calcite.schema.*;
import org.apache.calcite.schema.impl.AbstractTableQueryable;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlIdentifier;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlNodeList;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlSelect;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlWriterConfig;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.parser.SqlParserPos;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.pretty.SqlPrettyWriter;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.util.SqlString;
import org.apache.calcite.util.Pair;
import org.apache.calcite.util.Util;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;

/**
 * Queryable that gets its data from a table within a JDBC connection.
 *
 * <p>The idea is not to read the whole table, however. The idea is to use
 * this as a building block for a query, by applying Queryable operators
 * such as
 * {@link Queryable#where(org.apache.calcite.linq4j.function.Predicate2)}.
 * The resulting queryable can then be converted to a SQL query, which can be
 * executed efficiently on the JDBC server.</p>
 */
public class JdbcTable extends AbstractQueryableTable
    implements TranslatableTable, ScannableTable, ModifiableTable {
  @SuppressWarnings("methodref.receiver.bound.invalid")
  private final Supplier<RelProtoDataType> protoRowTypeSupplier =
      Suppliers.memoize(this::supplyProto)::get;
  public final JdbcSchema jdbcSchema;
  public final String jdbcCatalogName;
  public final String jdbcSchemaName;
  public final String jdbcTableName;
  public final Schema.TableType jdbcTableType;

  JdbcTable(JdbcSchema jdbcSchema, String jdbcCatalogName,
            String jdbcSchemaName, String jdbcTableName,
            Schema.TableType jdbcTableType) {
    super(Object[].class);
    this.jdbcSchema = requireNonNull(jdbcSchema, "jdbcSchema");
    this.jdbcCatalogName = jdbcCatalogName;
    this.jdbcSchemaName = jdbcSchemaName;
    this.jdbcTableName = requireNonNull(jdbcTableName, "jdbcTableName");
    this.jdbcTableType = requireNonNull(jdbcTableType, "jdbcTableType");
  }

  @Override public String toString() {
    return "JdbcTable {" + jdbcTableName + "}";
  }

  @Override public Schema.TableType getJdbcTableType() {
    return jdbcTableType;
  }

  @Override public <C extends Object> @Nullable C unwrap(Class<C> aClass) {
    if (aClass.isInstance(jdbcSchema.getDataSource())) {
      return aClass.cast(jdbcSchema.getDataSource());
    } else if (aClass.isInstance(jdbcSchema.dialect)) {
      return aClass.cast(jdbcSchema.dialect);
    } else {
      return super.unwrap(aClass);
    }
  }

  @Override public RelDataType getRowType(RelDataTypeFactory typeFactory) {
    return protoRowTypeSupplier.get().apply(typeFactory);
  }

  private RelProtoDataType supplyProto() {
    try {
      return jdbcSchema.getRelDataType(
          jdbcCatalogName,
          jdbcSchemaName,
          jdbcTableName);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(
          "Exception while reading definition of table '" + jdbcTableName
              + "'", e);
    }
  }

  private List<Pair<ColumnMetaData.Rep, Integer>> fieldClasses(
      final JavaTypeFactory typeFactory) {
    final RelDataType rowType = getRowType(typeFactory);
    return Util.transform(rowType.getFieldList(), f -> {
      final RelDataType type = f.getType();
      final Class clazz = (Class) typeFactory.getJavaClass(type);
      final ColumnMetaData.Rep rep =
          Util.first(ColumnMetaData.Rep.of(clazz),
              ColumnMetaData.Rep.OBJECT);
      return Pair.of(rep, type.getSqlTypeName().getJdbcOrdinal());
    });
  }

  SqlString generateSql() {
    final SqlNodeList selectList = SqlNodeList.SINGLETON_STAR;
    SqlSelect node =
        new SqlSelect(SqlParserPos.ZERO, SqlNodeList.EMPTY, selectList,
            tableName(), null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
    final SqlWriterConfig config = SqlPrettyWriter.config()
        .withAlwaysUseParentheses(true)
        .withDialect(jdbcSchema.dialect);
    final SqlPrettyWriter writer = new SqlPrettyWriter(config);
    node.unparse(writer, 0, 0);
    return writer.toSqlString();
  }

  /** Returns the table name, qualified with catalog and schema name if
   * applicable, as a parse tree node ({@link SqlIdentifier}). */
  public SqlIdentifier tableName() {
    final List<String> names = new ArrayList<>(3);
    if (jdbcSchema.catalog != null) {
      names.add(jdbcSchema.catalog);
    }
    if (jdbcSchema.schema != null) {
      names.add(jdbcSchema.schema);
    }
    names.add(jdbcTableName);
    return new SqlIdentifier(names, SqlParserPos.ZERO);
  }

  @Override public RelNode toRel(RelOptTable.ToRelContext context,
                                 RelOptTable relOptTable) {
    /*return new JdbcTableScan(context.getCluster(), context.getTableHints(), relOptTable, this,
        jdbcSchema.convention);*/
    return LogicalTableScan.create(context.getCluster(), relOptTable, context.getTableHints());
  }

  @Override public <T> Queryable<T> asQueryable(QueryProvider queryProvider,
                                                SchemaPlus schema, String tableName) {
    return new JdbcTableQueryable<>(queryProvider, schema, tableName);
  }

  @Override public Enumerable<@Nullable Object[]> scan(DataContext root) {
    JavaTypeFactory typeFactory = root.getTypeFactory();
    final SqlString sql = generateSql();
    return ResultSetEnumerable.of(jdbcSchema.getDataSource(), sql.getSql(),
        JdbcUtils.rowBuilderFactory2(fieldClasses(typeFactory)));
  }

  @Override public @Nullable Collection getModifiableCollection() {
    return null;
  }

  @Override public TableModify toModificationRel(RelOptCluster cluster,
                                                 RelOptTable table, CatalogReader catalogReader, RelNode input,
                                                 Operation operation, @Nullable List<String> updateColumnList,
                                                 @Nullable List<RexNode> sourceExpressionList, boolean flattened) {
    jdbcSchema.convention.register(cluster.getPlanner());

    return new LogicalTableModify(cluster, cluster.traitSetOf(Convention.NONE),
        table, catalogReader, input, operation, updateColumnList,
        sourceExpressionList, flattened);
  }

  /** Enumerable that returns the contents of a {@link JdbcTable} by connecting
   * to the JDBC data source.
   *
   * @param <T> element type */
  private class JdbcTableQueryable<T> extends AbstractTableQueryable<T> {
    JdbcTableQueryable(QueryProvider queryProvider, SchemaPlus schema,
                       String tableName) {
      super(queryProvider, schema, JdbcTable.this, tableName);
    }

    @Override public String toString() {
      return "JdbcTableQueryable {table: " + tableName + "}";
    }

    @Override public Enumerator<T> enumerator() {
      final JavaTypeFactory typeFactory =
          ((CalciteConnection) queryProvider).getTypeFactory();
      final SqlString sql = generateSql();
      final List<Pair<ColumnMetaData.Rep, Integer>> pairs =
          fieldClasses(typeFactory);
      @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
      final Enumerable<T> enumerable =
          (Enumerable) ResultSetEnumerable.of(jdbcSchema.getDataSource(),
              sql.getSql(), JdbcUtils.rowBuilderFactory2(pairs));
      return enumerable.enumerator();
    }
  }
}
