/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands;
using Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Util;
using Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Threads;
using Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Util.Synchronization;
using Apache.NMS.Util;
using Task = System.Threading.Tasks.Task;

namespace Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ
{
    public enum AckType
    {
        DeliveredAck = 0, // Message delivered but not consumed
        PoisonAck = 1, // Message could not be processed due to poison pill but discard anyway
        ConsumedAck = 2, // Message consumed, discard
        RedeliveredAck = 3, // Message has been Redelivered and is not yet poisoned.
        IndividualAck = 4, // Only the given message is to be treated as consumed.
        UnmatchedAck = 5, // Case where durable topic subscription does not match selector
        ExpiredAck = 6 // Case where message has expired before being dispatched to a consumer.
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// An object capable of receiving messages from some destination
    /// </summary>
    public class MessageConsumer : IMessageConsumer, IDispatcher
    {
        private const int NO_MAXIMUM_REDELIVERIES = -1;

        private readonly MessageTransformation messageTransformation;
        private readonly MessageDispatchChannel unconsumedMessages;
        private readonly NmsSynchronizationMonitor deliveredMessagesLock = new NmsSynchronizationMonitor();
        private readonly LinkedList<MessageDispatch> deliveredMessages = new LinkedList<MessageDispatch>();
        private readonly ConsumerInfo info;
        private readonly Session session;

        private MessageAck pendingAck = null;

        private readonly Atomic<bool> started = new Atomic<bool>();
        private readonly Atomic<bool> deliveringAcks = new Atomic<bool>();

        private int redeliveryTimeout = 500;
        protected bool disposed = false;
        private long lastDeliveredSequenceId = -1;
        private int ackCounter = 0;
        private int deliveredCounter = 0;
        private int additionalWindowSize = 0;
        private long redeliveryDelay = 0;
        private int dispatchedCount = 0;
        private volatile bool synchronizationRegistered = false;
        private bool clearDeliveredList = false;
        private bool inProgressClearRequiredFlag;
        private bool optimizeAcknowledge;
        private DateTime optimizeAckTimestamp = DateTime.Now;
        private long optimizeAcknowledgeTimeOut = 0;
        private long optimizedAckScheduledAckInterval = 0;
        private WaitCallback optimizedAckTask = null;
        private long failoverRedeliveryWaitPeriod = 0;
        private bool transactedIndividualAck = false;
        private bool nonBlockingRedelivery = false;

        private Exception failureError;
        private ThreadPoolExecutor executor;

        private event MessageListener listener;

        private IRedeliveryPolicy redeliveryPolicy;
        private PreviouslyDeliveredMap previouslyDeliveredMessages;

        // Constructor internal to prevent clients from creating an instance.
        internal MessageConsumer(Session session, ConsumerId id, ActiveMQDestination destination,
                                 String name, String selector, int prefetch, int maxPendingMessageCount,
                                 bool noLocal, bool browser, bool dispatchAsync )
        {
            if(destination == null)
            {
                throw new InvalidDestinationException("Consumer cannot receive on Null Destinations.");
            }
            else if(destination.PhysicalName == null)
            {
                throw new InvalidDestinationException("The destination object was not given a physical name.");
            }
            else if (destination.IsTemporary)
            {
                String physicalName = destination.PhysicalName;

                if(String.IsNullOrEmpty(physicalName))
                {
                    throw new InvalidDestinationException("Physical name of Destination should be valid: " + destination);
                }

                String connectionID = session.Connection.ConnectionId.Value;

                if(physicalName.IndexOf(connectionID) < 0)
                {
                    throw new InvalidDestinationException("Cannot use a Temporary destination from another Connection");
                }

                if(!session.Connection.IsTempDestinationActive(destination as ActiveMQTempDestination))
                {
                    throw new InvalidDestinationException("Cannot use a Temporary destination that has been deleted");
                }
            }

            this.session = session;
            this.redeliveryPolicy = this.session.Connection.RedeliveryPolicy;
            this.messageTransformation = this.session.Connection.MessageTransformation;

            if(session.Connection.MessagePrioritySupported)
            {
                this.unconsumedMessages = new SimplePriorityMessageDispatchChannel();
            }
            else
            {
                this.unconsumedMessages = new FifoMessageDispatchChannel();
            }

            this.info = new ConsumerInfo();
            this.info.ConsumerId = id;
            this.info.Destination = destination;
            this.info.SubscriptionName = name;
            this.info.Selector = selector;
            this.info.PrefetchSize = prefetch;
            this.info.MaximumPendingMessageLimit = maxPendingMessageCount;
            this.info.NoLocal = noLocal;
            this.info.Browser = browser;
            this.info.DispatchAsync = dispatchAsync;
            this.info.Retroactive = session.Retroactive;
            this.info.Exclusive = session.Exclusive;
            this.info.Priority = session.Priority;
            this.info.ClientId = session.Connection.ClientId;

            // If the destination contained a URI query, then use it to set public properties
            // on the ConsumerInfo
            if(destination.Options != null)
            {
                // Get options prefixed with "consumer.*"
                StringDictionary options = URISupport.GetProperties(destination.Options, "consumer.");
                // Extract out custom extension options "consumer.nms.*"
                StringDictionary customConsumerOptions = URISupport.ExtractProperties(options, "nms.");

                URISupport.SetProperties(this.info, options);
                URISupport.SetProperties(this, customConsumerOptions, "nms.");
            }

            this.optimizeAcknowledge = session.Connection.OptimizeAcknowledge &&
                                       session.IsAutoAcknowledge && !this.info.Browser;

            if (this.optimizeAcknowledge) {
                this.optimizeAcknowledgeTimeOut = session.Connection.OptimizeAcknowledgeTimeOut;
                OptimizedAckScheduledAckInterval = session.Connection.OptimizedAckScheduledAckInterval;
            }

            this.info.OptimizedAcknowledge = this.optimizeAcknowledge;
            this.failoverRedeliveryWaitPeriod = session.Connection.ConsumerFailoverRedeliveryWaitPeriod;
            this.nonBlockingRedelivery = session.Connection.NonBlockingRedelivery;
            this.transactedIndividualAck = session.Connection.TransactedIndividualAck ||
                                           session.Connection.MessagePrioritySupported ||
                                           this.nonBlockingRedelivery;
        }

        ~MessageConsumer()
        {
            Dispose(false);
        }

        #region Property Accessors

        public long LastDeliveredSequenceId
        {
            get { return this.lastDeliveredSequenceId; }
        }

        public ConsumerId ConsumerId
        {
            get { return this.info.ConsumerId; }
        }

        public ConsumerInfo ConsumerInfo
        {
            get { return this.info; }
        }

        public int RedeliveryTimeout
        {
            get { return redeliveryTimeout; }
            set { redeliveryTimeout = value; }
        }

        public int PrefetchSize
        {
            get { return this.info.PrefetchSize; }
        }

        public IRedeliveryPolicy RedeliveryPolicy
        {
            get { return this.redeliveryPolicy; }
            set { this.redeliveryPolicy = value; }
        }

        public long UnconsumedMessageCount
        {
            get { return this.unconsumedMessages.Count; }
        }

        // Custom Options
        private bool ignoreExpiration = false;
        public bool IgnoreExpiration
        {
            get { return ignoreExpiration; }
            set { ignoreExpiration = value; }
        }

        public Exception FailureError
        {
            get { return this.failureError; }
            set { this.failureError = value; }
        }

        public bool OptimizeAcknowledge
        {
            get { return this.optimizeAcknowledge; }
            set
            {
                if (optimizeAcknowledge && !value)
                {
                    DeliverAcks();
                }
                this.optimizeAcknowledge = value;
            }
        }

        public long OptimizeAcknowledgeTimeOut
        {
            get { return this.optimizeAcknowledgeTimeOut; }
            set { this.optimizeAcknowledgeTimeOut = value; }
        }

        public long OptimizedAckScheduledAckInterval
        {
            get { return this.optimizedAckScheduledAckInterval; }
            set
            {
                this.optimizedAckScheduledAckInterval = value;

                if (this.optimizedAckTask != null)
                {
                    this.session.Scheduler.Cancel(this.optimizedAckTask);
                    this.optimizedAckTask = null;
                }

                // Should we periodically send out all outstanding acks.
                if (this.optimizeAcknowledge && this.optimizedAckScheduledAckInterval > 0)
                {
                    this.optimizedAckTask = new WaitCallback(DoOptimizedAck);
                    this.session.Scheduler.ExecutePeriodically(
                        optimizedAckTask, null, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(optimizedAckScheduledAckInterval));
                }
            }
        }

        public long FailoverRedeliveryWaitPeriod
        {
            get { return this.failoverRedeliveryWaitPeriod; }
            set { this.failoverRedeliveryWaitPeriod = value; }
        }

        public bool TransactedIndividualAck
        {
            get { return this.transactedIndividualAck; }
            set { this.transactedIndividualAck = value; }
        }

        public bool NonBlockingRedelivery
        {
            get { return this.nonBlockingRedelivery; }
            set { this.nonBlockingRedelivery = value; }
        }

        #endregion

        #region IMessageConsumer Members

        private ConsumerTransformerDelegate consumerTransformer;
        /// <summary>
        /// A Delegate that is called each time a Message is dispatched to allow the client to do
        /// any necessary transformations on the received message before it is delivered.
        /// </summary>
        public ConsumerTransformerDelegate ConsumerTransformer
        {
            get { return this.consumerTransformer; }
            set { this.consumerTransformer = value; }
        }

        public string MessageSelector => info?.Selector;

        public event MessageListener Listener
        {
            add
            {
                CheckClosed();

                if(this.PrefetchSize == 0)
                {
                    throw new NMSException("Cannot set Asynchronous Listener on a Consumer with a zero Prefetch size");
                }

                bool wasStarted = this.session.Started;

                if(wasStarted)
                {
                    this.session.Stop();
                }

                listener += value;
                this.session.Redispatch(this, this.unconsumedMessages);

                if(wasStarted)
                {
                    this.session.Start();
                }
            }
            remove { listener -= value; }
        }

        public IMessage Receive()
        {
            return ReceiveAsync().GetAsyncResult();
        }
        
        public async Task<IMessage> ReceiveAsync()
        {
            CheckClosed();
            CheckMessageListener();

            SendPullRequest(0);
            MessageDispatch dispatch = await this.DequeueAsync(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(-1)).Await();

            if(dispatch == null)
            {
                return null;
            }

            await BeforeMessageIsConsumedAsync(dispatch).Await();
            await AfterMessageIsConsumedAsync(dispatch, false).Await();

            return CreateActiveMQMessage(dispatch);
        }

        public IMessage Receive(TimeSpan timeout)
        {
            return ReceiveAsync(timeout).GetAsyncResult();
        }
        
        public async Task<IMessage> ReceiveAsync(TimeSpan timeout)
        {
            CheckClosed();
            CheckMessageListener();

            MessageDispatch dispatch = null;
            SendPullRequest((long) timeout.TotalMilliseconds);

            if(this.PrefetchSize == 0)
            {
                dispatch = await this.DequeueAsync(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(-1)).Await();
            }
            else
            {
                dispatch = await this.DequeueAsync(timeout).Await();
            }

            if(dispatch == null)
            {
                return null;
            }

            await BeforeMessageIsConsumedAsync(dispatch).Await();
            await AfterMessageIsConsumedAsync(dispatch, false).Await();

            return CreateActiveMQMessage(dispatch);
        }

        public IMessage ReceiveNoWait()
        {
            return ReceiveNoWaitAsync().GetAsyncResult();
        }
        
        public async Task<IMessage> ReceiveNoWaitAsync()
        {
            CheckClosed();
            CheckMessageListener();

            MessageDispatch dispatch = null;
            SendPullRequest(-1);

            if(this.PrefetchSize == 0)
            {
                dispatch = await this.DequeueAsync(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(-1)).Await();
            }
            else
            {
                dispatch = await this.DequeueAsync(TimeSpan.Zero).Await();
            }

            if(dispatch == null)
            {
                return null;
            }

            await BeforeMessageIsConsumedAsync(dispatch).Await();
            await AfterMessageIsConsumedAsync(dispatch, false).Await();

            return CreateActiveMQMessage(dispatch);
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(true);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        protected void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if(disposed)
            {
                return;
            }

            try
            {
                Close();
            }
            catch
            {
                // Ignore network errors.
            }

            disposed = true;
        }

        public virtual void Close()
        {
            CloseAsync().GetAsyncResult();
        }
        
        public virtual async Task CloseAsync()
        {
            if(!this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
            {
                if(this.deliveredMessages.Count != 0 && this.session.IsTransacted && this.session.TransactionContext.InTransaction)
                {
                    Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] Registering new ConsumerCloseSynchronization",
                                       this.info.ConsumerId);
                    this.session.TransactionContext.AddSynchronization(new ConsumerCloseSynchronization(this));
                }
                else
                {
                    Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] No Active TX or pending acks, closing normally.",
                                       this.info.ConsumerId);
                    await this.DoCloseAsync().Await();
                }
            }
        }

        internal async Task DoCloseAsync()
        {
            await ShutdownAsync().Await();
            RemoveInfo removeCommand = new RemoveInfo();
            removeCommand.ObjectId = this.ConsumerId;
            if (Tracer.IsDebugEnabled)
            {
                Tracer.DebugFormat("Remove of Consumer[{0}] of destination [{1}] sent last delivered Id[{2}].",
                                   this.ConsumerId, this.info.Destination, this.lastDeliveredSequenceId);
            }
            removeCommand.LastDeliveredSequenceId = lastDeliveredSequenceId;
            this.session.Connection.Oneway(removeCommand);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called from the parent Session of this Consumer to indicate that its
        /// parent session is closing and this Consumer should close down but not
        /// send any message to the Broker as the parent close will take care of
        /// removing its child resources at the broker.
        /// </summary>
        internal async Task ShutdownAsync()
        {
            if(!this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
            {
                if(Tracer.IsDebugEnabled)
                {
                    Tracer.DebugFormat("Shutdown of Consumer[{0}] started.", ConsumerId);
                }

                // Do we have any acks we need to send out before closing?
                // Ack any delivered messages now.
                if(!this.session.IsTransacted)
                {
                    DeliverAcks();
                    if(this.IsAutoAcknowledgeBatch)
                    {
                        await AcknowledgeAsync().Await();
                    }
                }

                if (this.executor != null)
                {
                    this.executor.Shutdown();
                    this.executor.AwaitTermination(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
                    this.executor = null;
                }
                if (this.optimizedAckTask != null)
                {
                    this.session.Scheduler.Cancel(this.optimizedAckTask);
                }

                if (this.session.IsClientAcknowledge || this.session.IsIndividualAcknowledge)
                {
                    if (!this.info.Browser)
                    {
                        // rollback duplicates that aren't acknowledged
                        LinkedList<MessageDispatch> temp = null;
                        using(await this.deliveredMessagesLock.LockAsync().Await())
                        {
                            temp = new LinkedList<MessageDispatch>(this.deliveredMessages);
                        }
                        foreach (MessageDispatch old in temp)
                        {
                            this.session.Connection.RollbackDuplicate(this, old.Message);
                        }
                        temp.Clear();
                    }
                }

                if(!this.session.IsTransacted)
                {
                    using(await this.deliveredMessagesLock.LockAsync().Await())
                    {
                        deliveredMessages.Clear();
                    }
                }

                this.session.RemoveConsumer(this);
                this.unconsumedMessages.Close();

                MessageDispatch[] unconsumed = unconsumedMessages.RemoveAll();
                if (!this.info.Browser)
                {
                    foreach (MessageDispatch old in unconsumed)
                    {
                        // ensure we don't filter this as a duplicate
                        session.Connection.RollbackDuplicate(this, old.Message);
                    }
                }
                if(Tracer.IsDebugEnabled)
                {
                    Tracer.DebugFormat("Shutdown of Consumer[{0}] completed.", ConsumerId);
                }
            }
        }

        #endregion

        protected void SendPullRequest(long timeout)
        {
            if(this.info.PrefetchSize == 0 && this.unconsumedMessages.Empty)
            {
                MessagePull messagePull = new MessagePull();
                messagePull.ConsumerId = this.info.ConsumerId;
                messagePull.Destination = this.info.Destination;
                messagePull.Timeout = timeout;
                messagePull.ResponseRequired = false;

                Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] sending MessagePull: {1}", ConsumerId, messagePull);

                session.Connection.Oneway(messagePull);
            }
        }

        protected async System.Threading.Tasks.Task DoIndividualAcknowledgeAsync(ActiveMQMessage message)
        {
            MessageDispatch dispatch = null;

            using(await this.deliveredMessagesLock.LockAsync().Await())
            {
                foreach(MessageDispatch originalDispatch in this.deliveredMessages)
                {
                    if(originalDispatch.Message.MessageId.Equals(message.MessageId))
                    {
                        dispatch = originalDispatch;
                        this.deliveredMessages.Remove(originalDispatch);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }

            if(dispatch == null)
            {
                Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] attempt to Ack MessageId[{1}] failed " +
                                   "because the original dispatch is not in the Dispatch List",
                                   ConsumerId, message.MessageId);
                return;
            }

            MessageAck ack = new MessageAck(dispatch, (byte) AckType.IndividualAck, 1);
            Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] sending Individual Ack for MessageId: {1}",
                               ConsumerId, ack.LastMessageId);
            await this.session.SendAckAsync(ack).Await();
        }

        protected void DoNothingAcknowledge(ActiveMQMessage message)
        {
        }

        protected void DoClientAcknowledge(ActiveMQMessage message)
        {
            this.CheckClosed();
            Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] sending Client Ack", ConsumerId);
            this.session.Acknowledge();
        }

        public void Start()
        {
            if(this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
            {
                return;
            }

            this.started.Value = true;
            this.unconsumedMessages.Start();
            this.session.Executor.Wakeup();
        }

        public void Stop()
        {
            this.started.Value = false;
            this.unconsumedMessages.Stop();
        }

        public void DeliverAcks()
        {
            MessageAck ack = null;

            if(this.deliveringAcks.CompareAndSet(false, true))
            {
                using (this.deliveredMessagesLock.Lock())
                {
                    if (this.IsAutoAcknowledgeEach)
                    {
                        ack = MakeAckForAllDeliveredMessages(AckType.ConsumedAck);
                        if (ack != null)
                        {
                            Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] DeliverAcks clearing the Dispatch list", ConsumerId);
                            this.deliveredMessages.Clear();
                            this.ackCounter = 0;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            ack = this.pendingAck;
                            this.pendingAck = null;
                        }
                    }
                    else if (pendingAck != null && pendingAck.AckType == (byte)AckType.ConsumedAck)
                    {
                        ack = pendingAck;
                        pendingAck = null;
                    }
                }

                if(ack != null)
                {
                    if (this.executor == null)
                    {
                        this.executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor();
                    }

                    // queue to sync pool so we have to make it sync method
                    this.executor.QueueUserWorkItem( (obj) => AsyncDeliverAckAsync(obj).GetAsyncResult(), ack);
                }
                else
                {
                    this.deliveringAcks.Value = false;
                }
            }
        }

        private async System.Threading.Tasks.Task AsyncDeliverAckAsync(object ack)
        {
            MessageAck pending = ack as MessageAck;
            try
            {
                await this.session.SendAckAsync(pending, true).Await();
            }
            catch
            {
                Tracer.ErrorFormat("Consumer[{0}] Failed to deliver async Ack {1}",
                                   this.info.ConsumerId, pending);
            }
            finally
            {
                this.deliveringAcks.Value = false;
            }
        }

        internal void InProgressClearRequired()
        {
            inProgressClearRequiredFlag = true;
            // deal with delivered messages async to avoid lock contention with in progress acks
            clearDeliveredList = true;
        }

        internal void ClearMessagesInProgress()
        {
            if(inProgressClearRequiredFlag)
            {
                // Called from a thread in the ThreadPool, so we wait until we can
                // get a lock on the unconsumed list then we clear it.
                using(this.unconsumedMessages.SyncRoot.Lock())
                {
                    if(inProgressClearRequiredFlag)
                    {
                        Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] clearing unconsumed list ({1}) on transport interrupt",
                                           ConsumerId, this.unconsumedMessages.Count);

                        // ensure unconsumed are rolledback up front as they may get redelivered to another consumer
                        MessageDispatch[] list = this.unconsumedMessages.RemoveAll();
                        if (!this.info.Browser)
                        {
                            foreach (MessageDispatch unconsumed in list)
                            {
                                session.Connection.RollbackDuplicate(this, unconsumed.Message);
                            }
                        }

                        // allow dispatch on this connection to resume
                        this.session.Connection.TransportInterruptionProcessingComplete();
                        this.inProgressClearRequiredFlag = false;

                        // Wake up anyone blocked on the message channel.
                        this.unconsumedMessages.Signal();
                    }
                }
            }
            ClearDeliveredList();
        }

        private void ClearDeliveredList()
        {
            if (this.clearDeliveredList)
            {
                using(this.deliveredMessagesLock.Lock())
                {
                    if (!this.clearDeliveredList || deliveredMessages.Count == 0)
                    {
                        clearDeliveredList = false;
                        return;
                    }

                    if (session.IsTransacted)
                    {
                        Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}]: tracking existing transacted delivered list {1} on transport interrupt",
                                           this.info.ConsumerId, deliveredMessages.Count);

                        if (previouslyDeliveredMessages == null)
                        {
                            previouslyDeliveredMessages = new PreviouslyDeliveredMap(session.TransactionContext.TransactionId);
                        }

                        foreach (MessageDispatch delivered in deliveredMessages)
                        {
                            this.previouslyDeliveredMessages[delivered.Message.MessageId] = false;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (this.session.IsClientAcknowledge)
                        {
                            Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] rolling back delivered list " +
                                               "({1}) on transport interrupt",
                                               ConsumerId, deliveredMessages.Count);

                            // allow redelivery
                            if (!this.info.Browser)
                            {
                                foreach (MessageDispatch dispatch in deliveredMessages)
                                {
                                    this.session.Connection.RollbackDuplicate(this, dispatch.Message);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}]: clearing delivered list {1} on transport interrupt",
                                           this.info.ConsumerId, deliveredMessages.Count);
                        this.deliveredMessages.Clear();
                        this.pendingAck = null;
                    }

                    this.clearDeliveredList = false;
                }
            }
        }

        public virtual async Task Dispatch_Async(MessageDispatch dispatch)
        {
            MessageListener listener = this.listener;
            bool dispatchMessage = false;

            try
            {
                ClearMessagesInProgress();
                ClearDeliveredList();

                using(await this.unconsumedMessages.SyncRoot.LockAsync().Await())
                {
                    if(!this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
                    {
                        if(this.info.Browser || !session.Connection.IsDuplicate(this, dispatch.Message))
                        {
                            if(listener != null && this.unconsumedMessages.Running)
                            {
                                if (RedeliveryExceeded(dispatch))
                                {
                                    await PosionAckAsync(dispatch, "dispatch to " + ConsumerId + " exceeds redelivery policy limit:" + redeliveryPolicy.MaximumRedeliveries).Await();
                                    return;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    dispatchMessage = true;
                                }
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                if (!this.unconsumedMessages.Running)
                                {
                                    // delayed redelivery, ensure it can be re delivered
                                    session.Connection.RollbackDuplicate(this, dispatch.Message);
                                }
                                this.unconsumedMessages.Enqueue(dispatch);
                                // TODO - Signal message available when we have that event hook.
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // deal with duplicate delivery
                            ConsumerId consumerWithPendingTransaction;
                            if (RedeliveryExpectedInCurrentTransaction(dispatch, true))
                            {
                                Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] tracking transacted({1}) redelivery [{2}]",
                                                   ConsumerId, previouslyDeliveredMessages.TransactionId, dispatch.Message);
                                if (TransactedIndividualAck)
                                {
                                    await ImmediateIndividualTransactedAckAsync(dispatch).Await();
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    await this.session.SendAckAsync(new MessageAck(dispatch, (byte) AckType.DeliveredAck, 1)).Await();
                                }
                            }
                            else if ((consumerWithPendingTransaction = RedeliveryPendingInCompetingTransaction(dispatch)) != null)
                            {
                                Tracer.WarnFormat("Consumer[{0}] delivering duplicate [{1}], pending transaction completion on ({1}) will rollback",
                                                  ConsumerId, dispatch.Message, consumerWithPendingTransaction);
                                this.session.Connection.RollbackDuplicate(this, dispatch.Message);
                                await Dispatch_Async(dispatch).Await();
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                Tracer.WarnFormat("Consumer[{0}] suppressing duplicate delivery on connection, poison acking: ({1})",
                                                  ConsumerId, dispatch);
                                await PosionAckAsync(dispatch, "Suppressing duplicate delivery on connection, consumer " + ConsumerId).Await();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if(dispatchMessage)
                {
                    ActiveMQMessage message = CreateActiveMQMessage(dispatch);

                    await BeforeMessageIsConsumedAsync(dispatch).Await();

                    try
                    {
                        bool expired = (!IgnoreExpiration && message.IsExpired());

                        if(!expired)
                        {
                            listener(message);
                        }

                        await this.AfterMessageIsConsumedAsync(dispatch, expired).Await();
                    }
                    catch(Exception e)
                    {
                        dispatch.RollbackCause = e;
                        if(IsAutoAcknowledgeBatch || IsAutoAcknowledgeEach || IsIndividualAcknowledge)
                        {
                            // Schedule redelivery and possible dlq processing
                            await RollbackAsync().Await();
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // Transacted or Client ack: Deliver the next message.
                            await this.AfterMessageIsConsumedAsync(dispatch, false).Await();
                        }

                        Tracer.ErrorFormat("Consumer[{0}] Exception while processing message: {1}", this.info.ConsumerId, e);

                        // If aborted we stop the abort here and let normal processing resume.
                        // This allows the session to shutdown normally and ack all messages
                        // that have outstanding acks in this consumer.
                        if((Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState & ThreadState.AbortRequested) == ThreadState.AbortRequested)
                        {
                            Thread.ResetAbort();
                        }
                    }
                }

                if(++dispatchedCount % 1000 == 0)
                {
                    dispatchedCount = 0;
                    Thread.Sleep(1);
                }
            }
            catch(Exception e)
            {
                this.session.Connection.OnSessionException(this.session, e);
            }
        }

        private bool RedeliveryExpectedInCurrentTransaction(MessageDispatch dispatch, bool markReceipt)
        {
            if (session.IsTransacted)
            {
                using(this.deliveredMessagesLock.Lock())
                {
                    if (previouslyDeliveredMessages != null)
                    {
                        if (previouslyDeliveredMessages.ContainsKey(dispatch.Message.MessageId))
                        {
                            if (markReceipt)
                            {
                                previouslyDeliveredMessages[dispatch.Message.MessageId] = true;
                            }

                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        private ConsumerId RedeliveryPendingInCompetingTransaction(MessageDispatch dispatch)
        {
            foreach (Session session in this.session.Connection.Sessions)
            {
                foreach (MessageConsumer consumer in session.Consumers)
                {
                    if (consumer.RedeliveryExpectedInCurrentTransaction(dispatch, false))
                    {
                        return consumer.ConsumerId;
                    }
                }
            }

            return null;
        }

        public bool Iterate()
        {
            if(this.listener != null)
            {
                MessageDispatch dispatch = this.unconsumedMessages.DequeueNoWait();
                if(dispatch != null)
                {
                    this.Dispatch_Async(dispatch).GetAsyncResult();
                    return true;
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Used to get an enqueued message from the unconsumedMessages list. The
        /// amount of time this method blocks is based on the timeout value.  if
        /// timeout == Timeout.Infinite then it blocks until a message is received.
        /// if timeout == 0 then it it tries to not block at all, it returns a
        /// message if it is available if timeout > 0 then it blocks up to timeout
        /// amount of time.  Expired messages will consumed by this method.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="timeout">
        /// A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/>
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// A <see cref="MessageDispatch"/>
        /// </returns>
        private async Task<MessageDispatch> DequeueAsync(TimeSpan timeout)
        {
            DateTime deadline = DateTime.Now;

            if(timeout > TimeSpan.Zero)
            {
                deadline += timeout;
            }

            while(true)
            {
                MessageDispatch dispatch = this.unconsumedMessages.Dequeue(timeout);

                // Grab a single date/time for calculations to avoid timing errors.
                DateTime dispatchTime = DateTime.Now;

                if(dispatch == null)
                {
                    if(timeout > TimeSpan.Zero && !this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
                    {
                        if(dispatchTime > deadline)
                        {
                            // Out of time.
                            timeout = TimeSpan.Zero;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // Adjust the timeout to the remaining time.
                            timeout = deadline - dispatchTime;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Informs the caller of an error in the event that an async exception
                        // took down the parent connection.
                        if(this.failureError != null)
                        {
                            throw NMSExceptionSupport.Create(this.failureError);
                        }

                        return null;
                    }
                }
                else if(dispatch.Message == null)
                {
                    return null;
                }
                else if(ConsumeExpiredMessage(dispatch))
                {
                    Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] received expired message: {1}",
                                       ConsumerId, dispatch.Message.MessageId);

                    await BeforeMessageIsConsumedAsync(dispatch).Await();
                    await AfterMessageIsConsumedAsync(dispatch, true).Await();
                    // Refresh the dispatch time
                    dispatchTime = DateTime.Now;

                    if(timeout > TimeSpan.Zero && !this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
                    {
                        if(dispatchTime > deadline)
                        {
                            // Out of time.
                            timeout = TimeSpan.Zero;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // Adjust the timeout to the remaining time.
                            timeout = deadline - dispatchTime;
                        }
                    }

                    SendPullRequest((long) timeout.TotalMilliseconds);
                }
                else if (RedeliveryExceeded(dispatch))
                {
                    Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] received with excessive redelivered: {1}",
                                       ConsumerId, dispatch);
                    await PosionAckAsync(dispatch, "dispatch to " + ConsumerId + " exceeds redelivery " +
                                                   "policy limit:" + redeliveryPolicy.MaximumRedeliveries).Await();

                    // Refresh the dispatch time
                    dispatchTime = DateTime.Now;

                    if(timeout > TimeSpan.Zero && !this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
                    {
                        if(dispatchTime > deadline)
                        {
                            // Out of time.
                            timeout = TimeSpan.Zero;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // Adjust the timeout to the remaining time.
                            timeout = deadline - dispatchTime;
                        }
                    }

                    SendPullRequest((long) timeout.TotalMilliseconds);
                }
                else
                {
                    return dispatch;
                }
            }
        }

        private bool ConsumeExpiredMessage(MessageDispatch dispatch)
        {
            if (dispatch.Message.IsExpired())
            {
                return !info.Browser && !IgnoreExpiration;
            }

            return false;
        }

        public virtual async Task BeforeMessageIsConsumedAsync(MessageDispatch dispatch)
        {
            dispatch.DeliverySequenceId = session.NextDeliveryId;
            this.lastDeliveredSequenceId = dispatch.Message.MessageId.BrokerSequenceId;

            if (!IsAutoAcknowledgeBatch)
            {
                using(await this.deliveredMessagesLock.LockAsync().Await())
                {
                    this.deliveredMessages.AddFirst(dispatch);
                }

                if (this.session.IsTransacted)
                {
                    if (this.transactedIndividualAck)
                    {
                        await ImmediateIndividualTransactedAckAsync(dispatch).Await();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        await this.AckLaterAsync(dispatch, AckType.DeliveredAck).Await();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private bool IsOptimizedAckTime()
        {
            // evaluate both expired and normal msgs as otherwise consumer may get stalled
            if (ackCounter + deliveredCounter >= (this.info.PrefetchSize * .65))
            {
                return true;
            }

            if (optimizeAcknowledgeTimeOut > 0)
            {
                DateTime deadline = optimizeAckTimestamp +
                    TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(optimizeAcknowledgeTimeOut);

                if (DateTime.Now >= deadline)
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        public virtual async Task AfterMessageIsConsumedAsync(MessageDispatch dispatch, bool expired)
        {
            if(this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
            {
                return;
            }

            if(expired)
            {
                await AcknowledgeAsync(dispatch, AckType.ExpiredAck).Await();
            }
            else
            {
                if(this.session.IsTransacted)
                {
                    // Do nothing.
                }
                else if(this.IsAutoAcknowledgeEach)
                {
                    if(this.deliveringAcks.CompareAndSet(false, true))
                    {
                        using(await this.deliveredMessagesLock.LockAsync().Await())
                        {
                            if(this.deliveredMessages.Count != 0)
                            {
                                if (this.optimizeAcknowledge)
                                {
                                    this.ackCounter++;

                                    if (IsOptimizedAckTime())
                                    {
                                        MessageAck ack = MakeAckForAllDeliveredMessages(AckType.ConsumedAck);
                                        if (ack != null)
                                        {
                                            this.deliveredMessages.Clear();
                                            this.ackCounter = 0;
                                            await this.session.SendAckAsync(ack).Await();
                                            this.optimizeAckTimestamp = DateTime.Now;
                                        }
                                        // as further optimization send ack for expired msgs wehn
                                        // there are any.  This resets the deliveredCounter to 0 so
                                        // that we won't sent standard acks with every msg just
                                        // because the deliveredCounter just below 0.5 * prefetch
                                        // as used in ackLater()
                                        if (this.pendingAck != null && this.deliveredCounter > 0)
                                        {
                                            await this.session.SendAckAsync(pendingAck).Await();
                                            this.pendingAck = null;
                                            this.deliveredCounter = 0;
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    MessageAck ack = MakeAckForAllDeliveredMessages(AckType.ConsumedAck);
                                    if (ack != null)
                                    {
                                        this.deliveredMessages.Clear();
                                        await this.session.SendAckAsync(ack).Await();
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        this.deliveringAcks.Value = false;
                    }
                }
                else if(this.IsAutoAcknowledgeBatch)
                {
                    await AckLaterAsync(dispatch, AckType.ConsumedAck).Await();
                }
                else if(IsClientAcknowledge || IsIndividualAcknowledge)
                {

                    using(await this.deliveredMessagesLock.LockAsync().Await())
                    {
                        if (this.deliveredMessages.Contains(dispatch))
                        {
                            await AckLaterAsync(dispatch, AckType.DeliveredAck).Await();
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new NMSException("Invalid session state.");
                }
            }
        }

        private MessageAck MakeAckForAllDeliveredMessages(AckType type)
        {
            using(this.deliveredMessagesLock.Lock())
            {
                if(this.deliveredMessages.Count == 0)
                {
                    return null;
                }

                MessageDispatch dispatch = this.deliveredMessages.First.Value;
                MessageAck ack = new MessageAck(dispatch, (byte) type, this.deliveredMessages.Count);
                ack.FirstMessageId = this.deliveredMessages.Last.Value.Message.MessageId;
                return ack;
            }
        }

        private async Task AckLaterAsync(MessageDispatch dispatch, AckType type)
        {
            // Don't acknowledge now, but we may need to let the broker know the
            // consumer got the message to expand the pre-fetch window
            if(this.session.IsTransacted)
            {
                RegisterSync();
            }

            this.deliveredCounter++;

            MessageAck oldPendingAck = pendingAck;

            pendingAck = new MessageAck(dispatch, (byte) type, deliveredCounter);

            if(this.session.IsTransacted && this.session.TransactionContext.InTransaction)
            {
                pendingAck.TransactionId = this.session.TransactionContext.TransactionId;
            }

            if(oldPendingAck == null)
            {
                pendingAck.FirstMessageId = pendingAck.LastMessageId;
            }
            else if(oldPendingAck.AckType == pendingAck.AckType)
            {
                pendingAck.FirstMessageId = oldPendingAck.FirstMessageId;
            }
            else
            {
                // old pending ack being superseded by ack of another type, if is is not a delivered
                // ack and hence important, send it now so it is not lost.
                if(oldPendingAck.AckType != (byte) AckType.DeliveredAck)
                {
                    Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] Sending old pending ack {1}, new pending: {2}",
                                       ConsumerId, oldPendingAck, pendingAck);

                    await this.session.SendAckAsync(oldPendingAck).Await();
                }
                else
                {
                    Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] dropping old pending ack {1}, new pending: {2}",
                                       ConsumerId, oldPendingAck, pendingAck);
                }
            }

            // evaluate both expired and normal msgs as otherwise consumer may get stalled
            if ((0.5 * this.info.PrefetchSize) <= (this.deliveredCounter + this.ackCounter - this.additionalWindowSize))
            {
                await this.session.SendAckAsync(pendingAck).Await();
                this.pendingAck = null;
                this.deliveredCounter = 0;
                this.additionalWindowSize = 0;
            }
        }

        private async System.Threading.Tasks.Task ImmediateIndividualTransactedAckAsync(MessageDispatch dispatch)
        {
            // acks accumulate on the broker pending transaction completion to indicate
            // delivery status
            RegisterSync();
            MessageAck ack = new MessageAck(dispatch, (byte) AckType.IndividualAck, 1);
            ack.TransactionId = session.TransactionContext.TransactionId;
            await this.session.Connection.SyncRequestAsync(ack).Await();
        }

        private async Task PosionAckAsync(MessageDispatch dispatch, string cause)
        {
            BrokerError poisonCause = new BrokerError();
            poisonCause.ExceptionClass = "javax.jms.JMSException";
            poisonCause.Message = cause;

            MessageAck posionAck = new MessageAck(dispatch, (byte) AckType.PoisonAck, 1);
            posionAck.FirstMessageId = dispatch.Message.MessageId;
            posionAck.PoisonCause = poisonCause;
            await this.session.SendAckAsync(posionAck).Await();
        }

        private void RegisterSync()
        {
            // Don't acknowledge now, but we may need to let the broker know the
            // consumer got the message to expand the pre-fetch window
            if(this.session.IsTransacted)
            {
                this.session.DoStartTransaction();

                if(!synchronizationRegistered)
                {
                    Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] Registering new MessageConsumerSynchronization", ConsumerId);
                    this.synchronizationRegistered = true;
                    this.session.TransactionContext.AddSynchronization(new MessageConsumerSynchronization(this));
                }
            }
        }

        private async Task AcknowledgeAsync(MessageDispatch dispatch, AckType ackType)
        {
            MessageAck ack = new MessageAck(dispatch, (byte) ackType, 1);
            
            await this.session.SendAckAsync(ack).Await();
            using(await this.deliveredMessagesLock.LockAsync().Await())
            {
                deliveredMessages.Remove(dispatch);
            }
        }

        internal async Task AcknowledgeAsync()
        {
            ClearDeliveredList();
            WaitForRedeliveries();

            using(await this.deliveredMessagesLock.LockAsync().Await())
            {
                // Acknowledge all messages so far.
                MessageAck ack = MakeAckForAllDeliveredMessages(AckType.ConsumedAck);

                if(ack == null)
                {
                    return; // no msgs
                }

                if(this.session.IsTransacted)
                {
                    RollbackOnFailedRecoveryRedelivery();
                    if (!this.session.TransactionContext.InTransaction)
                    {
                        this.session.DoStartTransaction();
                    }
                    ack.TransactionId = this.session.TransactionContext.TransactionId;
                }

                await this.session.SendAckAsync(ack).Await();
                this.pendingAck = null;

                // Adjust the counters
                this.deliveredCounter = Math.Max(0, this.deliveredCounter - this.deliveredMessages.Count);
                this.additionalWindowSize = Math.Max(0, this.additionalWindowSize - this.deliveredMessages.Count);

                if(!this.session.IsTransacted)
                {
                    this.deliveredMessages.Clear();
                }
            }
        }

        internal async Task CommitAsync()
        {
            using(await this.deliveredMessagesLock.LockAsync().Await())
            {
                this.deliveredMessages.Clear();
                ClearPreviouslyDelivered();
            }

            this.redeliveryDelay = 0;
        }

        internal async Task RollbackAsync()
        {
            ClearDeliveredList();
            using(await this.unconsumedMessages.SyncRoot.LockAsync().Await())
            {
                if (this.optimizeAcknowledge)
                {
                    // remove messages read but not acked at the broker yet through optimizeAcknowledge
                    if (!this.info.Browser)
                    {
                        using(await this.deliveredMessagesLock.LockAsync().Await())
                        {
                            for (int i = 0; (i < this.deliveredMessages.Count) && (i < ackCounter); i++)
                            {
                                // ensure we don't filter this as a duplicate
                                MessageDispatch dispatch = this.deliveredMessages.Last.Value;
                                this.deliveredMessages.RemoveLast();
                                session.Connection.RollbackDuplicate(this, dispatch.Message);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                
                using(await this.deliveredMessagesLock.LockAsync().Await())
                {
                    RollbackPreviouslyDeliveredAndNotRedelivered();
                    if(this.deliveredMessages.Count == 0)
                    {
                        Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] Rolled Back with no dispatched Messages", ConsumerId);
                        return;
                    }

                    // Only increase the redelivery delay after the first redelivery..
                    MessageDispatch lastMd = this.deliveredMessages.First.Value;
                    int currentRedeliveryCount = lastMd.Message.RedeliveryCounter;

                    redeliveryDelay = this.redeliveryPolicy.RedeliveryDelay(currentRedeliveryCount);

                    MessageId firstMsgId = this.deliveredMessages.Last.Value.Message.MessageId;

                    foreach(MessageDispatch dispatch in this.deliveredMessages)
                    {
                        // Allow the message to update its internal to reflect a Rollback.
                        dispatch.Message.OnMessageRollback();
                        // ensure we don't filter this as a duplicate
                        session.Connection.RollbackDuplicate(this, dispatch.Message);
                    }

                    if(this.redeliveryPolicy.MaximumRedeliveries >= 0 &&
                       lastMd.Message.RedeliveryCounter > this.redeliveryPolicy.MaximumRedeliveries)
                    {
                        // We need to NACK the messages so that they get sent to the DLQ.
                        MessageAck ack = new MessageAck(lastMd, (byte) AckType.PoisonAck, deliveredMessages.Count);

                        Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] Poison Ack of {1} messages aft max redeliveries: {2}",
                                           ConsumerId, this.deliveredMessages.Count, this.redeliveryPolicy.MaximumRedeliveries);

                        BrokerError poisonCause = new BrokerError();
                        poisonCause.ExceptionClass = "javax.jms.JMSException";
                        poisonCause.Message = "Exceeded RedeliveryPolicy limit: " + RedeliveryPolicy.MaximumRedeliveries;

                        if (lastMd.RollbackCause != null)
                        {
                            BrokerError cause = new BrokerError();
                            cause.ExceptionClass = "javax.jms.JMSException";
                            cause.Message = lastMd.RollbackCause.Message;
                            poisonCause.Cause = cause;
                            poisonCause.Message = poisonCause.Message + " cause: " + lastMd.RollbackCause.Message;
                        }

                        ack.FirstMessageId = firstMsgId;
                        ack.PoisonCause = poisonCause;

                        await this.session.SendAckAsync(ack).Await();

                        // Adjust the window size.
                        additionalWindowSize = Math.Max(0, this.additionalWindowSize - this.deliveredMessages.Count);

                        this.redeliveryDelay = 0;
                        this.deliveredCounter -= this.deliveredMessages.Count;
                        this.deliveredMessages.Clear();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // We only send a RedeliveryAck after the first redelivery
                        if(currentRedeliveryCount > 0)
                        {
                            MessageAck ack = new MessageAck(lastMd, (byte) AckType.RedeliveredAck, deliveredMessages.Count);
                            ack.FirstMessageId = firstMsgId;
                            await this.session.SendAckAsync(ack, true).Await();
                        }

                        if (this.nonBlockingRedelivery)
                        {
                            if(redeliveryDelay == 0)
                            {
                                redeliveryDelay = RedeliveryPolicy.InitialRedeliveryDelay;
                            }

                            Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] Rolled Back, Re-enque {1} messages in Non-Blocking mode, delay: {2}",
                                               ConsumerId, this.deliveredMessages.Count, redeliveryDelay);

                            List<MessageDispatch> pendingRedeliveries =
                                new List<MessageDispatch>(this.deliveredMessages);
                            pendingRedeliveries.Reverse();

                            this.deliveredCounter -= this.deliveredMessages.Count;
                            this.deliveredMessages.Clear();

                            this.session.Scheduler.ExecuteAfterDelay(
                                NonBlockingRedeliveryCallback,
                                pendingRedeliveries,
                                TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(redeliveryDelay));
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // stop the delivery of messages.
                            this.unconsumedMessages.Stop();

                            Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer {0} Rolled Back, Re-enque {1} messages",
                                               ConsumerId, this.deliveredMessages.Count);

                            foreach(MessageDispatch dispatch in this.deliveredMessages)
                            {
                                this.unconsumedMessages.EnqueueFirst(dispatch);
                            }

                            this.deliveredCounter -= this.deliveredMessages.Count;
                            this.deliveredMessages.Clear();

                            if(redeliveryDelay > 0 && !this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
                            {
                                DateTime deadline = DateTime.Now.AddMilliseconds(redeliveryDelay);
                                ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(this.RollbackHelper, deadline);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                Start();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // Only redispatch if there's an async listener otherwise a synchronous
            // consumer will pull them from the local queue.
            if(this.listener != null)
            {
                this.session.Redispatch(this, this.unconsumedMessages);
            }
        }

        private void RollbackHelper(Object arg)
        {
            try
            {
                TimeSpan waitTime = (DateTime) arg - DateTime.Now;

                if(waitTime.CompareTo(TimeSpan.Zero) > 0)
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(waitTime);
                }

                this.Start();
            }
            catch(Exception e)
            {
                if(!this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
                {
                    this.session.Connection.OnSessionException(this.session, e);
                }
            }
        }

        private void NonBlockingRedeliveryCallback(object arg)
        {
            try
            {
                if (!this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
                {
                    List<MessageDispatch> pendingRedeliveries = arg as List<MessageDispatch>;

                    foreach (MessageDispatch dispatch in pendingRedeliveries)
                    {
                        session.Dispatch_Async(dispatch).GetAsyncResult();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                session.Connection.OnAsyncException(e);
            }
        }

        private ActiveMQMessage CreateActiveMQMessage(MessageDispatch dispatch)
        {
            ActiveMQMessage message = dispatch.Message.Clone() as ActiveMQMessage;

            if(this.ConsumerTransformer != null)
            {
                IMessage newMessage = ConsumerTransformer(this.session, this, message);
                if(newMessage != null)
                {
                    message = this.messageTransformation.TransformMessage<ActiveMQMessage>(newMessage);
                }
            }

            message.Connection = this.session.Connection;

            if(IsClientAcknowledge)
            {
                message.Acknowledger += new AcknowledgeHandler(DoClientAcknowledge);
            }
            else if(IsIndividualAcknowledge)
            {
                message.Acknowledger += new AcknowledgeHandler((message) => DoIndividualAcknowledgeAsync(message).GetAsyncResult()); // ASYNC
            }
            else
            {
                message.Acknowledger += new AcknowledgeHandler(DoNothingAcknowledge);
            }

            return message;
        }

        private void CheckClosed()
        {
            if(this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
            {
                throw new NMSException("The Consumer has been Closed");
            }
        }

        private void CheckMessageListener()
        {
            if(this.listener != null)
            {
                throw new NMSException("Cannot set Async listeners on Consumers with a prefetch limit of zero");
            }
        }

        internal bool HasMessageListener()
        {
            return this.listener != null;
        }

        protected bool IsAutoAcknowledgeEach
        {
            get
            {
                return this.session.IsAutoAcknowledge ||
                       (this.session.IsDupsOkAcknowledge && this.info.Destination.IsQueue);
            }
        }

        protected bool IsAutoAcknowledgeBatch
        {
            get { return this.session.IsDupsOkAcknowledge && !this.info.Destination.IsQueue; }
        }

        protected bool IsIndividualAcknowledge
        {
            get { return this.session.IsIndividualAcknowledge; }
        }

        protected bool IsClientAcknowledge
        {
            get { return this.session.IsClientAcknowledge; }
        }

        internal bool IsInUse(ActiveMQTempDestination dest)
        {
            return this.info.Destination.Equals(dest);
        }

        internal bool Closed
        {
            get { return this.unconsumedMessages.Closed; }
        }

        private void DoOptimizedAck(object state)
        {
            if (this.optimizeAcknowledge && !this.unconsumedMessages.Closed)
            {
                Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] performing scheduled delivery of outstanding optimized ack.", ConsumerId);
                DeliverAcks();
            }
        }

        private void WaitForRedeliveries()
        {
            if (failoverRedeliveryWaitPeriod > 0 && previouslyDeliveredMessages != null)
            {
                DateTime expiry = DateTime.Now + TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(failoverRedeliveryWaitPeriod);
                int numberNotReplayed;
                do
                {
                    numberNotReplayed = 0;
                    
                    using(this.deliveredMessagesLock.Lock())
                    {
                        if (previouslyDeliveredMessages != null)
                        {
                            foreach(KeyValuePair<MessageId, bool> entry in previouslyDeliveredMessages)
                            {
                                if (!entry.Value)
                                {
                                    numberNotReplayed++;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (numberNotReplayed > 0)
                    {
                        Tracer.InfoFormat("Consumer[{0}] waiting for redelivery of {1}  in transaction: {2}",
                                          ConsumerId, numberNotReplayed, previouslyDeliveredMessages.TransactionId);
                        Thread.Sleep((int) Math.Max(500, failoverRedeliveryWaitPeriod/4));
                    }
                }
                while (numberNotReplayed > 0 && expiry > DateTime.Now);
            }
        }

         // called with deliveredMessages locked
        private void RollbackOnFailedRecoveryRedelivery()
        {
            if (previouslyDeliveredMessages != null)
            {
                // if any previously delivered messages was not re-delivered, transaction is
                // invalid and must rollback as messages have been dispatched else where.
                int numberNotReplayed = 0;
                foreach(KeyValuePair<MessageId, bool> entry in previouslyDeliveredMessages)
                {
                    if (!entry.Value)
                    {
                        numberNotReplayed++;
                        Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] previously delivered message has not been " +
                                           "replayed in transaction: {1}, messageId: {2}",
                                           ConsumerId, previouslyDeliveredMessages.TransactionId, entry.Key);
                    }
                }

                if (numberNotReplayed > 0)
                {
                    String message = "rolling back transaction (" +
                         previouslyDeliveredMessages.TransactionId + ") post failover recovery. " + numberNotReplayed +
                         " previously delivered message(s) not replayed to consumer: " + this.info.ConsumerId;
                    Tracer.Warn(message);
                    throw new TransactionRolledBackException(message);
                }
            }
        }

        // called with unconsumedMessages && dispatchedMessages locked
        // remove any message not re-delivered as they can't be replayed to this
        // consumer on rollback
        private void RollbackPreviouslyDeliveredAndNotRedelivered()
        {
            if (previouslyDeliveredMessages != null)
            {
                foreach(KeyValuePair<MessageId, bool> entry in previouslyDeliveredMessages)
                {
                    if (!entry.Value)
                    {
                        RemoveFromDeliveredMessages(entry.Key);
                    }
                }

                ClearPreviouslyDelivered();
            }
        }

        // Must be called with dispatchedMessages locked
        private void RemoveFromDeliveredMessages(MessageId key)
        {
            MessageDispatch toRemove = null;
            foreach(MessageDispatch candidate in this.deliveredMessages)
            {
                if (candidate.Message.MessageId.Equals(key))
                {
                    session.Connection.RollbackDuplicate(this, candidate.Message);
                    toRemove = candidate;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (toRemove != null)
            {
                this.deliveredMessages.Remove(toRemove);
            }
        }

        // called with deliveredMessages locked
        private void ClearPreviouslyDelivered()
        {
            if (previouslyDeliveredMessages != null)
            {
                previouslyDeliveredMessages.Clear();
                previouslyDeliveredMessages = null;
            }
        }

        #region Transaction Redelivery Tracker

        class PreviouslyDeliveredMap : Dictionary<MessageId, bool>
        {
            private TransactionId transactionId;
            public TransactionId TransactionId
            {
                get { return this.transactionId; }
            }

            public PreviouslyDeliveredMap(TransactionId transactionId) : base()
            {
                this.transactionId = transactionId;
            }
        }

        private bool RedeliveryExceeded(MessageDispatch dispatch)
        {
            try
            {
                ActiveMQMessage amqMessage = dispatch.Message as ActiveMQMessage;

                return session.IsTransacted && redeliveryPolicy != null &&
                       redeliveryPolicy.MaximumRedeliveries != NO_MAXIMUM_REDELIVERIES &&
                       dispatch.RedeliveryCounter > redeliveryPolicy.MaximumRedeliveries &&
                       // redeliveryCounter > x expected after resend via brokerRedeliveryPlugin
                       !amqMessage.Properties.Contains("redeliveryDelay");
            }
            catch
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Nested ISyncronization Types

        class MessageConsumerSynchronization : ISynchronization
        {
            private readonly MessageConsumer consumer;

            public MessageConsumerSynchronization(MessageConsumer consumer)
            {
                this.consumer = consumer;
            }

            public async Task BeforeEndAsync()
            {
                Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] MessageConsumerSynchronization - BeforeEnd Called",
                                   this.consumer.ConsumerId);

                if (this.consumer.TransactedIndividualAck)
                {
                    this.consumer.ClearDeliveredList();
                    this.consumer.WaitForRedeliveries();
                    using(await this.consumer.deliveredMessagesLock.LockAsync().Await())
                    {
                        this.consumer.RollbackOnFailedRecoveryRedelivery();
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    await this.consumer.AcknowledgeAsync().Await();
                }

                this.consumer.synchronizationRegistered = false;
            }

            public async Task AfterCommitAsync()
            {
                Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] MessageConsumerSynchronization - AfterCommit Called.",
                                   this.consumer.ConsumerId);
                await this.consumer.CommitAsync().Await();
                this.consumer.synchronizationRegistered = false;
            }

            public async Task AfterRollbackAsync()
            {
                Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] MessageConsumerSynchronization - AfterRollback.",
                                   this.consumer.ConsumerId);
                await this.consumer.RollbackAsync().Await();
                this.consumer.synchronizationRegistered = false;
            }
        }

        protected class ConsumerCloseSynchronization : ISynchronization
        {
            private readonly MessageConsumer consumer;

            public ConsumerCloseSynchronization(MessageConsumer consumer)
            {
                this.consumer = consumer;
            }

            public Task BeforeEndAsync()
            {
                return Task.CompletedTask;
            }

            public async Task AfterCommitAsync()
            {
                if (!this.consumer.Closed)
                {
                    Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] ConsumerCloseSynchronization - AfterCommit Called.",
                                       this.consumer.ConsumerId);
                    await this.consumer.DoCloseAsync().Await();
                }
            }

            public async Task AfterRollbackAsync()
            {
                if (!this.consumer.Closed)
                {
                    Tracer.DebugFormat("Consumer[{0}] ConsumerCloseSynchronization - AfterRollback Called.",
                                       this.consumer.ConsumerId);
                    await this.consumer.DoCloseAsync().Await();
                }
            }
        }

        #endregion
    }
}
