/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

package org.apache.uima.adapter.vinci;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.logging.Handler;
import java.util.logging.LogManager;

import org.apache.uima.UIMAFramework;
import org.apache.uima.adapter.vinci.util.Constants;
import org.apache.uima.adapter.vinci.util.Descriptor;
import org.apache.uima.adapter.vinci.util.NetworkUtil;
import org.apache.uima.adapter.vinci.util.SaxVinciFrameBuilder;
import org.apache.uima.analysis_engine.AnalysisEngine;
import org.apache.uima.cas.CAS;
import org.apache.uima.cas.FSIterator;
import org.apache.uima.cas.SofaFS;
import org.apache.uima.cas.admin.CASMgr;
import org.apache.uima.cas.impl.CASCompleteSerializer;
import org.apache.uima.cas.impl.CASSerializer;
import org.apache.uima.cas.impl.Serialization;
import org.apache.uima.internal.util.SerializationUtils;
import org.apache.uima.internal.util.UIMALogFormatter;
import org.apache.uima.internal.util.UIMAStreamHandler;
import org.apache.uima.resource.ResourceProcessException;
import org.apache.uima.resource.ResourceSpecifier;
import org.apache.uima.resource.metadata.ProcessingResourceMetaData;
import org.apache.uima.util.CasPool;
import org.apache.uima.util.Level;
import org.apache.uima.util.XMLInputSource;
import org.apache.uima.util.impl.ProcessTrace_impl;
import org.apache.vinci.transport.Frame;
import org.apache.vinci.transport.ServiceDownException;
import org.apache.vinci.transport.ServiceException;
import org.apache.vinci.transport.Transportable;
import org.apache.vinci.transport.VinciFrame;
import org.apache.vinci.transport.VinciServableAdapter;
import org.apache.vinci.transport.VinciServer;
import org.apache.vinci.transport.document.AFrame;

/**
 * Main class for a Vinci Analysis Engine service that uses the binary CAS serialization, rather
 * than XCAS. This class can also be used to deploy CAS Consumers as Vinci Services.
 * 
 * The main method takes one argument - the path to the service deployment descriptor.
 * 
 * 
 * 
 */
public class VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl extends VinciServableAdapter {

  /** The server. */
  private VinciServer _server = null;

  /** The m AE. */
  private AnalysisEngine mAE = null;

  /** The m cas pool. */
  private CasPool mCasPool = null;

  /** The descriptor. */
  private Descriptor descriptor = null;

  /** The debug. */
  // debug mode flag
  private boolean debug = false;

  /** The service instance id. */
  private int serviceInstanceId = -1;

  /**
   * Instantiate Analysis Engine from a given descriptor - possibly in debug mode.
   *
   * @param serviceConfigPath
   *          descriptor location
   * @param debug
   *          the debug
   * @param instanceId
   *          the instance id
   * @throws Exception
   *           the exception
   */
  public VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl(String serviceConfigPath, boolean debug,
          String instanceId) throws Exception {
    this(serviceConfigPath, debug);
    serviceInstanceId = Integer.parseInt(instanceId);

  }

  /**
   * Instantiate Analysis Engine from a given descriptor - possibly in debug mode.
   *
   * @param serviceConfigPath
   *          descriptor location
   * @param debug
   *          the debug
   * @throws Exception
   *           the exception
   */
  public VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl(String serviceConfigPath, boolean debug)
          throws Exception {
    this.debug = debug;

    UIMAFramework.getLogger().log(Level.FINEST,
            "VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl: constructor");
    // Instantiate an object which holds configuration data: resource
    // specifier path,
    // serializer class, service name, etc
    descriptor = new Descriptor(serviceConfigPath);
    String aResourceSpecifierPath = descriptor.getResourceSpecifierPath();
    UIMAFramework.getLogger().log(Level.FINE, "Resource Specifier Path::" + aResourceSpecifierPath);

    ResourceSpecifier resourceSpecifier = UIMAFramework.getXMLParser()
            .parseResourceSpecifier(new XMLInputSource(aResourceSpecifierPath));

    // create CAS Object Processor
    if (mAE == null) {
      UIMAFramework.getLogger().log(Level.FINEST,
              "VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl: creating CAS Processor");
      mAE = UIMAFramework.produceAnalysisEngine(resourceSpecifier, descriptor.getInstanceCount(),
              0);
    }
    // create pool of CASes
    if (mCasPool == null) {
      mCasPool = new CasPool(descriptor.getInstanceCount(), mAE);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Instantiate Analysis Engine from a given descriptor.
   *
   * @param serviceConfigPath
   *          descriptor location
   * @throws Exception
   *           the exception
   */
  public VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl(String serviceConfigPath) throws Exception {
    this(serviceConfigPath, false);
  }

  /**
   * Extracts AE metadata.
   *
   * @return Frame containing extracted meta data
   * @throws Exception
   *           the exception
   */
  private Frame getMetaData() throws Exception {
    UIMAFramework.getLogger().log(Level.FINEST, "getMetaData()");
    // get metadata
    ProcessingResourceMetaData md = mAE.getProcessingResourceMetaData();
    // convert to vinci frame
    AFrame response = new AFrame();
    SaxVinciFrameBuilder vinciFrameBuilder = new SaxVinciFrameBuilder();
    vinciFrameBuilder.setParentFrame(response);
    vinciFrameBuilder.startDocument();
    md.toXML(vinciFrameBuilder);
    vinciFrameBuilder.endDocument();
    return response;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the descriptor.
   *
   * @return the descriptor
   */
  public Descriptor getDescriptor() {
    return descriptor;
  }

  /**
   * Analyzes a given document by a CasObjectProcessor. When completed this method returns a
   * VinciFrame containing XCAS translated into a set of Vinci subFrames. Each subframe containing
   * one annotation with all its attributes.
   *
   * @param aRequestFrame
   *          request frame
   * @return VinciFrame containing XCAS translated into a set of Vinci subframes.
   * @throws ServiceException
   *           the service exception
   */
  private Transportable analyze(AFrame aRequestFrame) throws ServiceException {
    CAS cas = null;
    try {
      // get CAS object from pool
      cas = mCasPool.getCas(0);

      // deserialize into CAS object
      byte[] casBytes = aRequestFrame.fgetTrueBinary("BinaryCAS");
      CASCompleteSerializer serializer = (CASCompleteSerializer) SerializationUtils
              .deserialize(casBytes);
      Serialization.deserializeCASComplete(serializer, (CASMgr) cas);

      long annotStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
      // invoke Analysis Engine
      mAE.processCas(cas);
      int annotationTime = (int) (System.currentTimeMillis() - annotStartTime);
      if (debug) {
        System.out.println("Annotation took: " + annotationTime + "ms");
      }

      // serialize CAS
      AFrame responseFrame = new AFrame();
      CASSerializer responseSerializer = Serialization.serializeCAS(cas);
      byte[] responseCasBytes = SerializationUtils.serialize(responseSerializer);
      responseFrame.fsetTrueBinary("BinaryCAS", responseCasBytes);
      // also add annotation time
      responseFrame.fset(Constants.ANNOTATION_TIME, annotationTime);

      // UIMAFramework.getLogger().log("CAS ACount::" +
      // cas.getAnnotationIndex().size());
      int totalAnnots = 0;
      SofaFS sofa;
      FSIterator sItr = cas.getSofaIterator();
      while (sItr.isValid()) {
        sofa = (SofaFS) sItr.get();
        totalAnnots += cas.getView(sofa).getAnnotationIndex().size();
        sItr.moveToNext();
      }
      UIMAFramework.getLogger().log(Level.FINE, "CAS Annotation Count::" + totalAnnots);

      return responseFrame;
    } catch (Throwable ex) {
      UIMAFramework.getLogger().log(Level.SEVERE, "", ex);
      throw new ServiceException("Unexpected exception in analyze(): " + ex);
    } finally {
      // release CAS back to pool
      if (cas != null) {
        mCasPool.releaseCas(cas);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Main method called by the Vinci Service Layer. All requests coming in from clients go through
   * this method. Each request comes in as a VinciFrame and is expected to contain a valid
   * VINCI:COMMAND. Currently, two such operations are supported: 1) Annotate - triggers document
   * analysis 2) GetData - triggers return of the AE meta data ( descriptor)
   *
   * @param doc
   *          {@link org.apache.vinci.transport.Transportable} - a VinciFrame containing client
   *          request
   * @return {@link org.apache.vinci.transport.Transportable} - a VinciFrame containg result of
   *         performing the service
   * @throws ServiceException
   *           the service exception
   */

  @Override
  public Transportable eval(Transportable doc) throws ServiceException {
    AFrame frame = (AFrame) doc;
    String op = frame.fgetString(Constants.VINCI_COMMAND);
    UIMAFramework.getLogger().log(Level.FINEST, "Command::" + op);
    if (Constants.GETMETA.equals(op)) {
      try {
        return this.getMetaData();
      } catch (Exception ex) {
        throw new ServiceException("getMetaData() threw exception: " + ex);
      }
    } else if (Constants.PROCESS_CAS.equals(op) || Constants.ANNOTATE.equals(op)) {
      return analyze(frame);
    } else if (Constants.BATCH_PROCESS_COMPLETE.equals(op)) {
      try {
        mAE.batchProcessComplete(new ProcessTrace_impl());
        return null; // one way call - do NOT return anything, not
        // even an empty frame
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new ServiceException("IOException: " + e);
      } catch (ResourceProcessException e) {
        throw new ServiceException("ResourceProcessException: " + e);
      }
    } else if (Constants.COLLECTION_PROCESS_COMPLETE.equals(op)) {
      try {
        mAE.collectionProcessComplete(new ProcessTrace_impl());
        return new VinciFrame(); // no return value - return empty
        // frame
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new ServiceException("IOException: " + e);
      } catch (ResourceProcessException e) {
        throw new ServiceException("ResourceProcessException: " + e);
      }
    } else if (Constants.IS_STATELESS.equals(op)) {
      return new AFrame().fadd("Result", mAE.isStateless());
    } else if (Constants.IS_READONLY.equals(op)) {
      return new AFrame().fadd("Result", mAE.isReadOnly());
    } else if (Constants.SHUTDOWN.equals(op)) {
      stop();
      System.exit(1);
    }
    return new VinciFrame().fadd("Error", "Invalid Operation:" + op);
  }

  /**
   * Starts this service and associates a ShutdownHook to handle gracefull shutdown.
   */
  protected void start() {
    try {
      ShutdownHook shutdownHook = new ShutdownHook(this);
      Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
      String serviceName = getDescriptor().getServiceName();

      // get hostname of this machine, to send to VNS
      String serviceHost = System.getProperty("LOCAL_HOST");
      if (serviceHost == null) {
        serviceHost = NetworkUtil.getLocalHostAddress().getHostAddress();
      }

      if (serviceInstanceId > 0) {
        _server = new VinciServer(serviceName, serviceHost, this, 0, serviceInstanceId);
      } else {

        _server = new VinciServer(serviceName, serviceHost, this);
      }
      UIMAFramework.getLogger().log(Level.FINEST,
              "VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl: Starting Server with Socket Timeout:"
                      + descriptor.getServerSocketTimeout());
      System.out
              .println("VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl: Starting Server with Socket Timeout:"
                      + descriptor.getServerSocketTimeout());
      _server.setSocketTimeout(descriptor.getServerSocketTimeout());
      _server.setThreadPoolSize(descriptor.getThreadPoolMinSize(),
              descriptor.getThreadPoolMaxSize());
      _server.serve();
    } catch (ServiceDownException e) {
      UIMAFramework.getLogger().log(Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage());
      System.out.println("\nFailed to contact VNS! Make sure you've specified the correct "
              + "VNS_HOST and that VNS is up and running.");
    }

    catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }

    System.exit(1);
  }

  /**
   * Terminate this service.
   */
  public void stop() {
    try {
      if (_server != null) {
        _server.shutdown(Constants.SHUTDOWN_MSG);
        UIMAFramework.getLogger().log(Level.INFO, Constants.SHUTDOWN_MSG);
      }
    } catch (Exception ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  /**
   * The main method.
   *
   * @param args
   *          the arguments
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      // are we in debug mode?
      boolean debug = System.getProperty("DEBUG") != null;

      // If VNS_HOST system property is not set, use default value
      if (System.getProperty("VNS_HOST") == null) {
        System.out.println("No VNS_HOST specified; using default " + Constants.DEFAULT_VNS_HOST);
        System.setProperty("VNS_HOST", Constants.DEFAULT_VNS_HOST);
      }
      String logFile = System.getProperty("LOG");
      if (logFile != null) {
        if (logFile.equalsIgnoreCase("stdout")) {
          redirectLoggerOutput(System.out);
        } else {
          redirectLoggerOutput(new FileOutputStream(logFile));
        }
      }
      VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl vinciService;

      if (args != null && args.length > 1) {
        // Instantiate Service with explicit instance Id provided in
        // args[1]
        vinciService = new VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl(args[0], debug, args[1]);
      } else {
        vinciService = new VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl(args[0], debug);
      }
      vinciService.start();
    } catch (Exception ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Redirects all logger output for this JVM to the given output stream.
   *
   * @param out
   *          the out
   */
  private static void redirectLoggerOutput(OutputStream out) {
    // get root logger handlers - root logger is parent of all loggers
    Handler[] handlers = LogManager.getLogManager().getLogger("").getHandlers();

    // remove all current handlers
    for (int i = 0; i < handlers.length; i++) {
      LogManager.getLogManager().getLogger("").removeHandler(handlers[i]);
    }

    // add new UIMAStreamHandler with the given output stream
    UIMAStreamHandler streamHandler = new UIMAStreamHandler(out, new UIMALogFormatter());
    streamHandler.setLevel(java.util.logging.Level.ALL);
    LogManager.getLogManager().getLogger("").addHandler(streamHandler);
  }

  /**
   * Class that handles service shutdowns (including Ctrl-C).
   */
  static class ShutdownHook extends Thread {

    /** The server. */
    VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl server;

    /**
     * Instantiates a new shutdown hook.
     *
     * @param instance
     *          the instance
     */
    public ShutdownHook(VinciBinaryAnalysisEngineService_impl instance) {
      server = instance;
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * 
     * @see java.lang.Thread#run()
     */
    @Override
    public void run() {
      server.stop();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Make transportable.
   *
   * @return the transportable
   * @see org.apache.vinci.transport.TransportableFactory#makeTransportable()
   */
  @Override
  public Transportable makeTransportable() {
    return new AFrame();
  }

}
